Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre) is caused by iodine deficiency.

Enzymes are basically proteins that act as catalysts in biological processes.

Zinc supplement is used for the treatment of severe diarrhea in children. It helps in reducing the duration and severity of diarrhea.

Out of the 13 major vitamins useful for the human body, 4 are fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and 9 are water-soluble ($B_{complex}$ and C). Washing peeled vegetables removes the water-soluble Vitamin C.

Saliva contains a digestive enzyme called amylase that begins to break down some of the carbohydrates present in food before it goes down from the mouth. It converts starch hydrolysis into sugar.

Lactobacillus bacteria ferment the lactose sugar found in milk to form lactic acid, due to which milk is converted into curd.

Salmonella bacteria can be present in poultry, beef, milk, and eggs, which causes food-borne infection.

Vitamin-D is synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun.

Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are major deficiency diseases caused by lack of nutrition. Hemophilia is a genetic disease and cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells.

The Mashelkar Committee recommended providing strict penalties including the death penalty (capital punishment) for those involved in the manufacturing and trading of fake and adulterated drugs.

Citric acid is used to prevent food from spoiling. Benzoic acid is used for the preservation of food items.

Honey is obtained from bees. Honey mainly contains glucose and fructose sugars. Apart from this, enzymes like diastase, invertase, catalase, lipase etc. and many beneficial salts, organic acids (malic, citric, tartaric) are also found.

Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. According to the question, option (1) is selected.

Fructose is the sweetest sugar in nature.

Pulses are an excellent source of protein.

Spinach leaves are a strong source of iron. Iron forms hemoglobin in the blood.

Vitamin C is not found in milk (or is present in negligible amounts).

The chemical name of Vitamin C is Ascorbic Acid. Scurvy is caused by its deficiency. It is water-soluble and abundant in sour juicy fruits (lemon, orange, amla).

Cataracts form when protein sticks to the lens of the eye, causing the eye's lens to become cloudy. Light cannot easily pass through the clumps of protein in the lens, causing difficulty in seeing.

Goitre is caused by the deficiency of iodine.