Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the lunar surface.

The order of planets in terms of increasing distance from the Sun is as follows- 1. Mercury, 2. Venus, 3. Earth, 4. Mars, etc. Therefore, Mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun.

The Pole Star (Polaris) shines in the north direction, so it is also called the North Star.

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth, preventing sunlight from reaching the Earth. This situation only occurs on the New Moon day.

Venus is known as the Morning Star and the Evening Star.

Meteors appear like a bright streak of light in the sky, which are also called 'Shooting Stars or Falling Stars'. As they enter the Earth's atmosphere, they start glowing due to friction and usually burn to ashes before reaching the Earth.

Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.

The Earth takes 24 hours to rotate 360 degrees on its axis. Therefore, the time taken to rotate $1^{\circ}$ = $24 \times 60 / 360 = 4$ minutes. (Note: Latitude is written in the question, but geographically this refers to longitude).

The given statement is Kepler's first law of motion, according to which, 'Every planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit and the sun is at one of the foci of the orbit.'

The color of a constellation or star is an indicator of its temperature. The temperature of stars of different colors is as follows: Blue: 50000-28000K, Blue-White: 28000-10000 K, White: 10000-7500K, White-Yellow: 7500-6000K, Yellow: 6000-4900K, Orange: 4900-3500K, Red: 3500-2000K

The three laws of planetary motion were proposed by Johannes Kepler.

The value of a day on Earth is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 23 seconds, while the value of a day on Mars is 24 hours, 37 minutes, and 23 seconds.

On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong took the first step on the Moon.

Latitudes are generally represented by the Greek letter Phi. They show places north and south of the equator. $90^{\circ}$ North latitude is called the North Pole and $90^{\circ}$ South latitude is called the South Pole, which are the center points. There are $360^{\circ}$ longitudes east and west of the Prime Meridian. There is no $91^{\circ}$ West latitude. Therefore, $45^{\circ}$ South latitude is the correct latitudinal position among the given options.

Saturn is an outer planet, not an inner planet. The inner planets are only Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

See explanation of the above question.

The planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun are: 1. Mercury, 2. Venus, 3. Earth, 4. Mars, 5. Jupiter, 6. Saturn, 7. Uranus, 8. Neptune. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are inner planets, and those coming after Mars are called outer planets.

The planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun are as follows- 1. Mercury, 2. Venus, 3. Earth, 4. Mars, 5. Jupiter, 6. Saturn, 7. Uranus, 8. Neptune. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are called inner planets, and the planets that come after Mars are called outer planets.

The Astronomical Unit is a unit of measurement of length. This unit is equal to the average distance between the Sun and the Earth (149.598 × $10^6$ km or 149.6 million km).

Seasonal changes occur due to the Earth's annual motion (revolution around the Sun) and the tilt of $23\frac{1}{2}^{\circ}$ on its axis.