Advance Computer Science

Communication and Network Concepts

50,000+ Questions

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HARD

Match the XML structural components with their corresponding relational database mapping equivalents based on XML and Web Tech principles:

XML Component	Relational Database Equivalent
A. `<database>` root element	1. Individual record / tuple in a relation
B. `<table name="Students">` element	2. Entire database schema or database container
C. `<row>` element	3. Relational database table
D. Child elements (`<id>`, `<name>`)	4. Attributes / columns of a table

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4.
Core Concept: Hierarchical mapping translates relational database structures into XML where root represents databases, tables map to table elements, rows map to row elements, and columns map to child elements.

UPPCL AE 2014

MEDIUM

Which attack involves change in DNS entries so that users are directed to invalid site

Phishing

Masquerade

Worm

Pharming

Explanation

Pharming involves tampering with DNS servers or host files to redirect users to fraudulent websites.

ISRO Scientist/Engineer 2011

MEDIUM

The network protocol which is used to get MAC address of a node by providing IP address is

SMTP

ARP

RIP

BOOTP

Explanation

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map an IP address to its corresponding MAC address (physical address).

RPSC ACF & FRO 23.02.2021 (CS)

MEDIUM

In the TCP/IP Protocol suite which one of the following is NOT part of the IP header?

Fragment Offset

Source IP address

Destination IP address

Destination port number

Explanation

Port numbers (like destination port) are in the TCP or UDP header, not in the IP header.

EASY

Which of the following security attacks involves changing DNS entries so that users are maliciously directed to an invalid or fraudulent site?

Pharming Attack

Reflection Attack

DNS Spoofing

Silly Window Attack

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Pharming Attack.
Core Concept: Network security threats and domain name system vulnerabilities.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Pharming Attack: A cyberattack that specifically involves altering or corrupting DNS entries or cache so that users attempting to visit legitimate websites are transparently directed to an invalid or fraudulent site.

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MEDIUM

Match the following network infrastructure terms with their correct architectural description:

Term	Description
A. Bus topology	1. Early common cable used in LANs
B. USB cables	2. Used to create wired PANs
C. Smart switches	3. Recognizes destination addresses in modern LANs
D. Optical fibers	4. High-capacity media used in MANs

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Explanation

The correct answer is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Bus Topology: Refers to the common cable architecture utilized by early LANs (matches A-1).
USB Cables: Physical standard used for setting up wired Personal Area Networks (matches B-2).
Smart Switches: Intelligent hardware in modern LANs that inspects destination addresses to route packets directly (matches C-3).
Optical Fibers: High-speed transmission media commonly used in Metropolitan Area Networks (matches D-4).

EASY

Which networking device is defined as connecting a Local Area Network (LAN) to the internet while also facilitating connections between multiple computers?

Switch

Hub

Router

Modem

Explanation

The correct answer is Router. A router functions specifically to connect a Local Area Network (LAN) to the internet and facilitate connection and data exchange between multiple computers.

MEDIUM

Which layer in the TCP/IP model is specifically responsible for hiding packet routing details from the upper layers while providing error detection and correction for end-to-end communication?

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Physical Layer

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Transport Layer.
Core Concept: Transport layer functionality in TCP/IP focuses on end-to-end reliability, congestion avoidance, and shielding upper layers from routing complexities.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Layer Role Analysis:
- The Transport Layer utilizes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to manage datagram delivery, detect and correct errors, and handle network congestion transparently.

MEDIUM

Consider the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) regarding the IPv4 Time-To-Live (TTL) field:

Assertion (A): Every router that receives and forwards an IPv4 datagram must decrement the TTL field value by exactly 1.
Reason (R): This mechanism prevents packets from circulating infinitely in routing loops, and upon reaching a TTL value of 0, the packet is immediately discarded and an ICMP Type 11 error message is dispatched to the source.

Select the correct option:

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Core Concept: TTL Routing Safeguard Mechanism.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Assertion Validity: In IPv4 routing, every router that handles and forwards a packet is strictly required to decrement the 8-bit TTL field by 1. Thus, Assertion (A) is true.
Reason Validity: The primary purpose of decrementing the TTL is to prevent infinite routing loops. When TTL drops to 0, the packet is discarded and an ICMP Type 11 (Time Exceeded) message is sent back to the source IP address. Thus, Reason (R) is true and correctly explains why routers decrement the TTL.

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding mobile communication generations:

First generation (1G) wireless communication used analog signals, FDD scheme, 25 MHz bandwidth, and achieved transmission speeds of 2.4 kbps.
Third generation (3G) shifted from circuit switching to packet switching and increased data speeds up to 2 Mbps.
Fifth generation (5G) features higher power consumption, higher latency, and speeds below 100 Mbps.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.
Core Concept: Mobile Communication Generations (1G to 5G).

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Step-by-Step Analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct as 1G used analog signals, 25 MHz bandwidth, and 2.4 kbps data rates.
- Statement 2 is correct since 3G transitioned to packet switching and offered up to 2 Mbps speeds.
- Statement 3 is incorrect because 5G features lower power consumption, lower latency, and transmission speeds of 1 Gbps or faster.

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RPSC VPITI 2018 (IT)

MEDIUM

When a packet is lost in transit, it should be handled by

error control

loss control

sequence control

duplication control

Explanation

Packet loss is handled by error control or retransmission protocols.

MEDIUM

Match the following Computer Network Types with their corresponding characteristics or examples:

Network Type	Characteristic / Example
A. Personal Area Network (PAN)	1. City-wide Cable TV network
B. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)	2. Spans countries using satellite links
C. Wide Area Network (WAN)	3. Connected within a 10-meter radius
D. Local Area Network (LAN)	4. Uses twisted pair or coaxial cables

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2

A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

Explanation

The correct answer is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Personal Area Network (PAN): Arranged within an individual's personal workspace, typically within a 10-meter radius (matches A-3).
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A classic example is a city-wide cable TV network or city bank communications (matches B-1).
Wide Area Network (WAN): Spans large geographical regions like countries, leveraging satellite links, leased lines, or microwaves (matches C-2).
Local Area Network (LAN): Operates within a building or office using physical transmission media such as twisted pair or coaxial cables (matches D-4).

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding unguided (wireless) transmission media:

Microwave communication uses parabolic antennas mounted on towers for long-distance data transmission.
Radio wave communication carries data via radio frequencies and provides high mobility.
Infrared communication is used for long-distance signals that can easily pass through solid objects.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.
Core Concept: Wireless Transmission Characteristics: Microwave, radio, and infrared properties.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Step-by-Step Solution:
- Statement 1 is correct because microwave communication relies on parabolic antennas mounted on towers for long-distance transmission.
- Statement 2 is correct because radio waves carry data via radio frequencies and offer high mobility in communication devices.
- Statement 3 is incorrect because infrared communication is strictly used for short-distance communication and its signals cannot pass through objects.

MEDIUM

Which of the following statements regarding Personal Area Networks (PAN) is/are correct?

A PAN is typically arranged within a 10-meter radius.
Wired PANs are created using USB cables.
Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to propose the idea of a PAN.

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.
Core Concept: PAN Fundamentals.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Statement 1 (Correct): PANs are defined by their small range, specifically within a 10-meter radius.
Statement 2 (Correct): PANs can be wireless (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) or wired. Wired PANs specifically utilize USB cables for connectivity.
Statement 3 (Correct): Thomas Zimmerman is historically recognized as the first research scientist to bring the concept of a personal area network to the field.

📊 Fact Spotlight

PAN Feature	Detail
Range	~10 meters
Inventor	Thomas Zimmerman
Wired Media	USB cables
Wireless Media	Wi-Fi, Bluetooth

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall: Ensure you distinguish between the inventor (Zimmerman) and the media (USB/Bluetooth). All statements provided are accurate facts.

Memorable Trivia: PANs are the only network type explicitly defined by a specific, small physical radius (10m) in the provided notes.

EASY

What does the acronym PING stand for in computer networking?

Packet Internet Groper

Protocol Internet Gateway

Packet Inter-Network Generator

Port Internet Grid Node

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Packet Internet Groper.
Core Concept: Diagnostic networking utility terminology and expansions.

EASY

When establishing the physical layout of a network topology, which of the following physical media are typically utilized?

Satellite radio waves and infrared beams only

Cables and optical fibers

Bluetooth and cellular network towers

Magnetic tape drives and floppy disks

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Cables and optical fibers.
Core Concept: Application-based identification of network transmission media.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Step-by-Step Solution:
- Physical media referenced in network topologies explicitly include cables and optical fibers for connecting hardware components.

MEDIUM

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding network topology based on fundamental networking principles?

It defines the structure of how all components are interconnected with each other.

It refers to the physical or logical arrangement of computers and devices.

It exclusively relies on wireless radio frequencies without needing any physical media.

It can involve physical media such as cables and optical fibers.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is It exclusively relies on wireless radio frequencies without needing any physical media.
Core Concept: Identifying false assertions about network physical infrastructure.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Step-by-Step Solution:
- Network topologies utilize physical media such as cables and optical fibers, making statements claiming exclusive reliance on wireless frequencies incorrect.

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding networking hardware:

A Router facilitates connections between multiple computers and connects a LAN to the internet.
A Modem connects a computer to the internet specifically via existing telephone lines.
A NIC is only required if the computer is connected via Wi-Fi, not via wired cables.

Which of the statements above are correct?

Only 1 and 2

Only 2 and 3

Only 1 and 3

1, 2, and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Only 1 and 2
Core Concept: Hardware roles and requirements.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Statement 1 (Correct): Routers are essential for routing traffic between networks (LAN to Internet).
Statement 2 (Correct): Modems are designed to interface with telephone line infrastructure (DSL/Dial-up).
Statement 3 (Incorrect): A NIC is required for any network communication, whether wired (Ethernet) or wireless. It is the hardware interface that allows the computer to talk to the network.

MEDIUM

Match the following Bus topology features with their appropriate descriptions:

Feature	Description
A. Transmission Media	1. Up to 10 Mbps
B. Backbone Cable	2. Coaxial or twisted pair
C. Data Capacity	3. Single cable connecting all nodes
D. Installation Cost	4. Low due to no hub requirement

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4.
Core Concept: Comprehensive property mapping of Bus topology components.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Mapping Verification:
- Transmission media mainly uses coaxial or twisted pair cables (A-2).
- The central cable connecting all nodes is the backbone cable (B-3).
- Supported data capacity reaches up to 10 Mbps (C-1).
- Initial installation cost is low due to no hub requirement (D-4).

MEDIUM

Match the networking model terminology with their respective descriptions or classifications based on standard architecture principles:

Term	Description
A. Networking Model	1. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) and TCP/IP
B. Protocol Stacks	2. Architecture, components, and design for source-destination communication
C. Predominant Models	3. Common alternative alias for network models

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-2, B-3, C-1

A-1, B-2, C-3

A-3, B-1, C-2

A-2, B-1, C-3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is A-2, B-3, C-1.
Core Concept: Correctly associating networking model definitions with their corresponding structural terms and examples.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Matching Details:
- A. Networking Model corresponds to description 2, defining the architecture, components, and design used for communication between source and destination.
- B. Protocol Stacks corresponds to description 3, representing a recognized alias for network models alongside network stacks and network protocols.
- C. Predominant Models corresponds to description 1, referring to the two major models: the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and the TCP/IP model.

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