Indian Polity

Women's Movement

50,000+ Questions

Previous Year Papers

Detailed Solutions

Hindi & English

EASY

The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system with strong centralizing tendencies. This characteristic is commonly known as:

Pure unitary state

Semi-federal or federal system with a unitary bias

Confederal arrangement

Decentralized monarchy

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Semi-federal or federal system with a unitary bias.
Core Concept: India's governance structure combines federal division of powers with strong central authority, resulting in a semi-federal nature with a unitary bias.

MEDIUM

Match the following women's committees and legislative milestones with their respective descriptions:

Committee / Milestone	Description
A. Geeta Mukherjee Committee	1. Joint Parliamentary Committee appointed in 1996 for women's reservation
B. B.G. Kher Commission	2. Language Commission formed in 1955 under Article 344
C. 108th Constitutional Amendment Bill	3. Proposed 33% reservation, passed Rajya Sabha in 2010 but lapsed in Lok Sabha
D. Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam	4. 106th Constitutional Amendment Act (2023) providing 33% reservation

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.
Core Concept: Cross-topic matching of legislative milestones, language commissions, and women's reservation committees.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Geeta Mukherjee Committee: Joint Parliamentary Committee appointed in 1996.
B.G. Kher Commission: Formed in 1955 as the sole Language Commission.
108th Bill: Passed Rajya Sabha in 2010 but lapsed in Lok Sabha.
Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam: 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023.

MEDIUM

Which of the following best describes the core philosophy of M.N. Roy’s New Humanism (Navmanavwad)?

Making the human being the central focus and placing the individual above society

Placing society above the individual as the ultimate source of moral authority

Rejecting industrialization in favor of a purely agrarian self-sufficient economy

Relying strictly on dogmatic traditions rather than logic and reason

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Making the human being the central focus and placing the individual above society.
Core Concept: [M.N. Roy's New Humanism]: An individual-centric philosophical framework emphasizing human agency, rationality, and freedom.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Key Tenets of New Humanism:
- Human-Centric: The human being (Manushya) is the central focus of all social and political organization.
- Individual Sovereignty: Places the individual above society, considering each person as the creator of their own fate (Bhagya ka nirmata).
- Rationality & Freedom: Views man as a rational being where everything must be tested on the touchstone of logic and reason, strongly advocating for unhindered individual freedom.

HARD

Arrange the following landmark legal and constitutional milestones in chronological order:

Kesavananda Bharati Case (Basic Structure Doctrine judgement)
First Constitutional Amendment (Introduction of Judicial Review evolution items)
Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (106th Constitutional Amendment Act)
Geeta Mukherjee Committee appointment for women's reservation

Select the correct sequence from the options below:

2, 1, 4, 3

1, 2, 4, 3

2, 4, 1, 3

4, 2, 1, 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 2, 1, 4, 3.
Core Concept: Chronological tracking of constitutional amendments and landmark committees.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Step-by-Step Chronology:
- 2. First Constitutional Amendment: Initiated early judicial review evolution.
- 1. Kesavananda Bharati Case: Delivered in 1973.
- 4. Geeta Mukherjee Committee: Formed in 1996.
- 3. Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam: Enacted as the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act in 2023.

MEDIUM

Match the artistic and philosophical aspects associated with the framing of the Indian Constitution and Preamble:

Element	Association
A. Beohar Rammanohar Sinha	1. Artistically decorated the original Preamble document
B. Phoolon ki bhitti	2. Border decoration style of the original Preamble
C. M.N. Roy	3. Proponent of New Humanism (Navmanavwad)
D. Government of India Act, 1935	4. Source of approximately two-thirds of the Constitution

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.
Core Concept: [Comprehensive Constitutional Fact-Set]: Connecting constitutional origins, artistic creators, and political philosophies.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Matching Breakdown:
- Beohar Rammanohar Sinha artfully decorated the original Preamble document (matching A with 1).
- Phoolon ki bhitti refers to the flower wall art used in the decorative borders of the Preamble (matching B with 2).
- M.N. Roy formulated the political philosophy of New Humanism (Navmanavwad) (matching C with 3).
- Government of India Act, 1935 served as the foundational statute providing approximately two-thirds of the Indian Constitution (matching D with 4).

No credit card required

EASY

Match the following constitutional articles and doctrines with their corresponding provisions:

Article / Doctrine	Provision
A. Article 13(2)	1. Power of judicial review and examination of laws
B. Article 103	2. President's decision on MP disqualification after consulting Election Commission
C. Article 344	3. Establishment of a Language Commission
D. Basic Structure Doctrine	4. Established in the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.
Core Concept: Constitutional provisions connect executive powers, judicial review mechanisms, and language commissions.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Article 13(2): Derives the power of judicial review.
Article 103: Governs the President's decision on MP disqualification upon consulting the Election Commission.
Article 344: Provides for the Language Commission.
Basic Structure Doctrine: Formulated in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973).

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding Indian federal provisions and constitutional reviews:

Article 355 imposes a duty on the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance.
The ordinance-making power of the Governor is co-extensive with the legislative power of the State Legislature under Article 213.
The Sarkaria Commission recommended that Article 356 should be used very sparingly, only as a measure of last resort.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1, 2 and 3

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.
Core Concept: [Federal Provisions and Commission Recommendations]: Key constitutional safeguards governing Centre-State relations, emergency provisions, and legislative powers.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Statement Analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct: Article 355 explicitly mandates that the Union shall protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance and ensure governance in accordance with the Constitution.
- Statement 2 is correct: Under Article 213, the Governor's ordinance-making power is co-extensive with the legislative competence of the State Legislature.
- Statement 3 is correct: The Sarkaria Commission strongly recommended that Article 356 (President's Rule) should be used sparingly as a measure of last resort.

HARD

On which specific date was the 108th Constitutional Amendment Bill passed by the Rajya Sabha before eventually lapsing in the Lok Sabha?

March 9, 2010

August 15, 2008

January 26, 2012

November 11, 2009

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is March 9, 2010.
Core Concept: The 108th Constitutional Amendment Bill (2008) cleared the Rajya Sabha on March 9, 2010, but lapsed due to lack of a vote in the Lok Sabha.

MEDIUM

Which of the following best describes the amendment provisions of the Indian Constitution?

It is completely rigid, requiring referendums across all states for any change.

It is completely flexible, allowing all amendments like ordinary legislative enactments.

It is a blend of rigidity (requiring special procedures) and flexibility (allowing simple amendment mechanisms for certain provisions).

It does not permit any amendments to preserve the original text permanently.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is It is a blend of rigidity (requiring special procedures) and flexibility (allowing simple amendment mechanisms for certain provisions).
Core Concept: The Constitution balances stability and adaptability by incorporating a blend of rigidity and flexibility in its amendment mechanism.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Explanation:
- Some provisions can be amended by a simple majority like ordinary laws (flexible aspect).
- Other provisions require a special majority and ratification by state legislatures (rigid aspect).
- This prevents extreme rigidity that leads to stagnation and extreme flexibility that threatens constitutional stability.

MEDIUM

What does 'Judicial Activism' signify in the context of the Indian legal and political framework?

The complete dominance of the judiciary over parliamentary law-making

The proactive role of the judiciary in public interest matters and protecting constitutional rights

The appointment of judges directly by popular vote

The subordination of judicial rulings to executive ordinances

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is The proactive role of the judiciary in public interest matters and protecting constitutional rights.
Core Concept: Judicial Activism denotes the judiciary taking a proactive, interventionist approach to safeguard public interest and uphold constitutional mandates.

Full Mock Tests

Take Full-Length Mock Tests

Test your complete preparation with timed mock tests. Get detailed analytics and compare scores with other aspirants.

Explore Test Series

MEDIUM

Match the following Parts of the Indian Constitution with their respective artistic illustrations:

Constitution Part	Artistic Illustration
A. Part 1	1. Scene from the Ramayana (Return from Lanka)
B. Part 2	2. Indus Valley Civilization seal depicting a bull
C. Part 3	3. Lord Buddha's enlightenment and sermon
D. Part 4	4. Vedic Gurukuls in the Assam region
E. Part 5	5. Mahabharata (Lord Krishna's sermon to Arjun)

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-5, E-3

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3, E-5

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-5, E-3

A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3, E-5

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct matching is A-2, B-4, C-1, D-5, E-3.
Core Concept: The original Indian Constitution integrates deep cultural and historical motifs across its various Parts, turning a legal document into a cultural masterpiece.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Step-by-Step Verification:
- Part 1 features an illustration of a seal from the Indus Valley Civilization depicting a bull.
- Part 2 (Citizenship) contains an illustration of Vedic Gurukuls in the Assam region.
- Part 3 displays a scene from the Ramayana showing Lord Ram, Laxman, and Sita returning after their victory over Lanka.
- Part 4 (Directive Principles) depicts the Mahabharata, showing Lord Krishna giving the sermon of the Gita to Arjun.
- Part 5 features a painting of Lord Buddha’s enlightenment and his sermon to the Sangha.

HARD

Consider the following statements regarding classical Indian empires and eras illustrated in the Indian Constitution:

Part 7 depicts Emperor Ashoka spreading the thoughts and principles of Buddhism.
Part 8 contains artistic representations of Gupta period art.
Part 9 features a painting of the Maurya imperial court.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.
Core Concept: The later parts of the Constitution honor monumental classical eras like the Mauryan period (via Ashoka) and the Gupta era, along with classical court scenes.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Statement Analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct: Part 7 depicts Emperor Ashoka spreading Buddhist thoughts and principles.
- Statement 2 is correct: Part 8 contains artistic representations of Gupta period art.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: Part 9 depicts the Court of Vikramaditya, not the Maurya imperial court.

EASY

Who among the following artists was responsible for the artistic decoration and calligraphy illustrations of the original document of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?

Beohar Rammanohar Sinha

Nandalal Bose

Prem Behari Narain Raizada

Sri Ram Sinha

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Beohar Rammanohar Sinha.
Core Concept: [Artistic Heritage of the Constitution]: The original constitutional documents were embellished by eminent artists of Shantiniketan under the guidance of Nandalal Bose.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Artistic Contributions:
- Beohar Rammanohar Sinha: Artistically decorated and illustrated the original Preamble document.
- Illustrations Included: His artistic work on the Preamble incorporates representations of a Horse, Bull, and Lion, with borders adorned with flower wall art (Phoolon ki bhitti).
- Calligraphy: The italicized calligraphy of the Constitution was executed by Prem Behari Narain Raizada.

HARD

Match the following constitutional provisions and landmark concepts related to Judicial Review with their respective descriptions:

Concept / Article	Description
A. Article 13(2)	1. Establishes the Basic Structure Doctrine
B. Kesavananda Bharati Case	2. Derivation of power to invalidate inconsistent laws
C. Judicial Activism (Nyayik Sakriyata)	3. Major factor that has significantly increased the power of judicial review
D. 90th Constitutional Amendment	4. Included in the historical evolution milestones of Judicial Review

Select the correct code from the options below:

A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4.
Core Concept: Mapping constitutional sources and landmarks to their functional roles in expanding judicial review.

HARD

Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution is described as semi-federal because it combines federal principles with a strong unitary bias and an independent judiciary.
Reason (R): The Supreme Court established the Basic Structure Doctrine in the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973) to protect the foundational constitutional framework from legislative overreach.

Select the correct answer from the options below:

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
Core Concept: Dual nature of federalism and judicial review doctrines.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Assertion Analysis: India's constitution mixes federal features with unitary tendencies, making it semi-federal.
Reason Analysis: The Basic Structure Doctrine was indeed established in the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973).
Logical Link: While both statements are factually accurate, the doctrine of basic structure does not explain why the constitution possesses a semi-federal unitary bias.

MEDIUM

In the Parliamentary Committee formed under Article 344 to review the Language Commission's report, what is the exact distribution of members between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?

15 members from Lok Sabha and 15 members from Rajya Sabha

20 members from Lok Sabha and 10 members from Rajya Sabha

10 members from Lok Sabha and 20 members from Rajya Sabha

22 members from Lok Sabha and 8 members from Rajya Sabha

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 20 members from Lok Sabha and 10 members from Rajya Sabha.
Core Concept: The Parliamentary Committee consists of 30 total members, divided into 20 from the Lower House (Lok Sabha) and 10 from the Upper House (Rajya Sabha).

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Committee Breakdown:
- Total strength: 30 members.
- Lok Sabha share: 20 members.
- Rajya Sabha share: 10 members.

📊 Fact Spotlight

House of Parliament	Member Count
Lok Sabha	20
Rajya Sabha	10
Total	30

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall / Exam Trap: Questions often invert the numbers (10 Lok Sabha and 20 Rajya Sabha). Always keep in mind that the Lok Sabha has twice the representation (20) compared to the Rajya Sabha (10) in this committee.

MEDIUM

Assertion (A): The original Constitution of India is celebrated not just as a legal framework, but as a rich cultural artifact reflecting India's heritage.
Reason (R): Each part of the Constitution features distinctive artistic illustrations, such as Part 3 displaying a scene from the Ramayana depicting Lord Ram, Laxman, and Sita returning after their victory over Lanka.

Select the correct option:

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Core Concept: The aesthetic integration of historical epics like the Ramayana in Part 3 directly justifies why the Constitution is considered a cultural masterpiece.

HARD

Consider the following statements about the artistic illustrations in the Constitution of India:

Part 4 (Directive Principles) depicts the Mahabharata with Lord Krishna giving the sermon of the Gita to Arjun.
Part 5 features a painting of Lord Buddha's enlightenment and his sermon to the Sangha.
Part 6 contains an illustration of Emperor Ashoka spreading Buddhism.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.
Core Concept: The central parts of the Constitution highlight great philosophical teachings, epic sermons, and Buddhist heritage.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Statement Analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct: Part 4 (Directive Principles) depicts the Mahabharata, specifically Lord Krishna giving the sermon of the Gita to Arjun.
- Statement 2 is correct: Part 5 features a painting of Lord Buddha's enlightenment (Gyanodaya) and his sermon to the Sangha.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: Part 6 contains an illustration of Mahavir Swami (founder of Jainism), whereas Emperor Ashoka spreading Buddhism is depicted in Part 7.

MEDIUM

The Basic Structure Doctrine (Moolbhoot Dhancha ka Siddhant) was established by the Supreme Court (Sarvoch Nyayalaya) in which landmark case?

Golaknath Case

Menaka Gandhi Case

Kesavananda Bharati Case

I.R. Coelho Case

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Kesavananda Bharati Case.
Core Concept: The Basic Structure Doctrine acts as a paramount limitation on legislative amendment powers, guarded by judicial review.

EASY

The Geeta Mukherjee Committee, which provided key recommendations regarding women's reservation in legislatures, was constituted in which year as a Joint Parliamentary Committee?

1991

1996

2000

2008

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 1996.
Core Concept: The Geeta Mukherjee Committee was appointed as a Joint Parliamentary Committee in 1996 to address women's reservation frameworks.

🧠 Solution Blueprint

Committee Background:
- Appointed in 1996, the Joint Parliamentary Committee headed by Geeta Mukherjee evaluated reservations for women.
- It formulated seven recommendations, out of which five were eventually incorporated into the Women's Reservation Bill of 2008.

Free Forever

Track Your Progress

You're Doing Great! 🎯

Unlimited PYQs Progress Tracking Mock Tests

✨ Free forever • No credit card • 2 sec signup with Google

Full Mock Tests

Take Full-Length Mock Tests

Test your complete preparation with timed mock tests. Get detailed analytics and compare scores with other aspirants.

Explore Test Series

All Chapters

Indian Polity

Salient Features of Constitution

55+ questions

Making of Constitution

132+ questions

Preamble & Schedules

222+ questions

Union & Its Territories

86+ questions

Fundamental Rights

282+ questions

Directive Principles of State Policy

Centre-State Relations

264+ questions

Constitutional Amendments

Important Commissions

121+ questions

Socio-Political Dynamics

100+ questions

Political Parties

135+ questions

Civil Society & Movements

187+ questions

Local Self-Government

186+ questions