The Kailash temple of Ellora was built by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I. Ellora is located in the Verul place of Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, where 34 rock-cut caves have been built. There are 10 Chaitya halls in the Ellora caves, which are dedicated to the artisan deity Vishwakarma.

Lingaraj Temple is situated in Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha province in India. It is the main temple of Bhubaneswar, dedicated to Lord Tribhuvaneshwar. It was built by Yayati Keshari in the 11th century.

The huge Sun God temple of Konark located in Puri (Odisha) was built by Narasimha Devvarman I Chodganga. This temple dates back to the 13th century and is famous for its unique style. The base of this temple is a huge platform. Twelve stone-carved wheels have been attached around it, and to give the full impression of the Sun's chariot, there are independent statues of seven horses attached to the stairs in front of the platform, as if these seven horses are pulling the chariot. The Sun temple of Konark is also called the 'Black Pagoda'.

The Sailendra dynasty established their empire in Sumatra and Java in the 8th century AD.

The Chola Empire emerged in the ninth century. This empire was established by Vijayalaya (850-87 AD). He captured Tanjore and made it his capital.

Nagananda, Ratnavali, and Priyadarshika are the works of Harshavardhana. Mudrarakshasa is composed by Vishakhadatta. Mricchakatika is composed by Shudraka. Ratnavali is not composed by Rajasekhara, but by Harshavardhana, hence pair 4 is incorrect.

Padmagupta was a poet under the patronage of King Munj (974-998) who composed the Sanskrit epic named 'Navasahasanka Charita'.

Hijri Samvat: Based on the opinion of Hazrat Ali, the Hijri era began in 622 AD, marking the time when Prophet Muhammad journeyed from Mecca to Medina. (Note: As per the book's answer key, option (3) is correct)

Nanda Dynasty (approx. 345-321 BC), Maurya Dynasty (321-185 BC), Kushan Dynasty (1st Century), Gupta Dynasty (319-550 AD).

Fa-Hien came during the Gupta period (Chandragupta II) (approx 5th century). Hiuen Tsang came during the reign of Harshavardhana (7th century). Sir Thomas Roe visited the court of Mughal ruler Jahangir (17th century). Thus, the correct order is 2, 3, 1.

Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple complex in the world. It is located in Cambodia.

Khajuraho, located in the Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh, is very famous for its temple complexes. These temples were built during the reign of the Chandela rulers in the 10th to 12th century AD. There is mention of the construction of 85 temples here, but currently, only 30 temples remain.

The initial capital of the Chalukyas was 'Aihole'. Later, during the time of Pulakeshin II, Badami (Vatapi) became their capital.

The reign of Rajendra I was the peak period of Chola power. In 1017 AD, he conquered the entire island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and brought the Sinhala king Mahendra V as a captive to the Chola kingdom. He attacked North-Eastern India (Ganga valley) with the objective of bringing holy Ganga water and defeated the Pal ruler. To commemorate this victory, he adopted the title of Gangaikonda and established a new capital named Gangaikondacholapuram. Near the new capital, he also built a huge tank named Cholangam for irrigation.

Chola artists also achieved success in the art of sculpture. They created a large number of stone and metal statues. More metal (bronze) statues were created than stone statues. The most beautiful statues are of Nataraja (Shiva), which have been found in large numbers. These are included among the finest statue-creations in the world. These statues are usually four-armed.

With the fall of the Gupta Empire, the focal point of political power in North India shifted from Pataliputra to Kannauj (in Farrukhabad district of Uttar Pradesh). In the middle of the eighth century, three powerful dynasties emerged in the three corners of India. Rashtrakutas in the South, Palas in the East, and Gurjara-Pratiharas in North India. The conflict between these three superpowers for dominance over Kannauj is known as the 'Tripartite Struggle'. It was started by Pratihara king Vatsaraja by defeating the ruler of Kannauj, Indrayudha, and ultimately the Pratiharas were successful in it. Pratihara ruler Nagabhata II defeated the ruler of Kannauj, Chakrayudha, in 816 AD, made Kannauj his capital, and put an end to this 100-year-long struggle.

The associations of traders known as 'Nagaram' often performed administrative functions in the cities. (Source: NCERT, Class-7, Our Pasts-II, page 26)

The most remarkable feature of the Chola administration is the extraordinary power and capability, which is reflected in the operation of autonomous rural institutions. In fact, during this period, self-governance was implemented entirely within the villages.

The city of Thanjavur was established by Vijayalaya Chola.

Chola ruler Rajaraja I was one of the greatest conquerors and empire builders of his time. His empire included the entire South India up to the Tungabhadra river, Ceylon, and a part of the Maldives. After conquering the Maldives, he established the supremacy of his navy in the Arabian Sea.