The first Buddhist council was held in Saptaparni cave located in Rajgir or Rajgriha during the tenure of Magadha King Ajatashatru immediately after the death of Buddha. The second Buddhist council was organized in Vaishali 100 years after the death of Buddha during the reign of Kalashoka. The third Buddhist council was held in Pataliputra during the reign of Maurya Emperor Ashoka. Moggaliputta Tissa was its president. The fourth Buddhist council was held in Kundalvan (Kashmir) during the reign of Kanishka. It was presided over by Vasumitra and vice-presided by Ashvaghosha. In this, Hinayana and Mahayana sects were born.

Prajnaparamita is the most important philosophical text of the Mahayana sect. It was composed by Lord Buddha at Gridhrakuta mountain during the time of the second Dharma Chakra.

The first disciple of Mahavir was Jamali. Jamali was the husband of his daughter Anojya Priyadarshini. He was Mahavir's son-in-law.

Vinaya Pitaka describes the operation of the Buddhist Sangha, the conduct of monks, and the rules, which also includes the arrangement for men and women to live in the Sangha.

Kharavela (King of Kalinga) and Chandragupta Maurya were great patrons of Jainism. Shishunaga is generally not considered a patron of Jainism. Therefore, the correct option is (C) 2 and 3.

At the age of 80, Mahatma Buddha left his body in Kushinagar (Kushinara). This event is called 'Mahaparinirvana' in Buddhist texts.

Buddhist literature is known as Tripitaka. It is composed in Pali language. These Tripitakas are known as Sutta Pitaka, Vinaya Pitaka, and Abhidhamma Pitaka.

Vardhman Mahavir is also known as 'Jena'. The root meaning of the word Jena is: Conqueror. Due to severe penance and sense control, Vardhman Mahavir was called (Supremely Glorious). You began to be called Nirgrantha (bond-free), Arhat (worshipable), and Jina/Jena (conqueror).

Matching pairs: Parshvanatha-Sarpa (3), Adinatha-Vrishabha (1), Mahavira-Simha (2), Shantinatha-Hirana (4). Correct code: 3, 1, 2, 4.

Lord Buddha attained knowledge (enlightenment/Nirvana) in Bodh Gaya.

The main principles of Jainism are - Triratna, Panchmahavrata, Seven Sheel Vratas, Saptabhanginaya (Syadvada), Anekantavada, etc. Sarvastivada is related to Buddhism (especially the Vaibhashika sect).

The fourth Buddhist council was held in Kundalvan (Kashmir) during the reign of Kanishka. In this, Hinayana and Mahayana sects were born.

Vardhman Mahavir was born in Kundagram near Vaishali. His father Siddhartha was the head of the Jnatrika Kshatriya clan, which was a member of the Vajji confederacy. His mother was a princess of the Lichchhavi clan of Vaishali, hence Mahavir was related to the Lichchhavi dynasty.

In the Buddhist Eightfold Path, Samyak Karmant means doing the right action (like non-violence, not stealing, etc.). It comes after Samyak Vach and precedes Samyak Aajivika.

Therigatha is an important text related to Buddhism, in which the experiences and poems of Bhikkhunis are compiled.

Although Piprahwa is the oldest stupa, since it was not in the available options, RPSC considered Sanchi as the ancient stupa.

Main sects of Jainism: Shvetambara - This sect was led by Sthulabhadra. Digambara - This sect was led by Bhadrabahu.

Vinaya Pitaka contains the collection of rules made for Buddhist monks living in the Sangha.

Therigatha is a part of Sutta Pitaka (Khuddaka Nikaya). It contains verses composed by Bhikkhunis and reflects the experiences of women. Statement 3 is false because it is not a part of the Vinaya Pitaka.

Mahayana (Great Vehicle) - The people of this sect were reformists. The leader of these reformists was Nagarjuna. He laid the foundation of this sect. There are two parts of this sect - Vijnanavada (Yogachara) founder - Maitreyanatha, Shunyata (Madhyamika) founder - Nagarjuna.