एग्जाम गढ़
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Assertion (A): The freezing of sea water during winter does not kill the fishes.
Reason (R): Only surface water is frozen.
Ice acts as an insulator and prevents the water below from freezing, allowing fishes to survive.
Assertion (A): Pluto is the coldest planet.
Reason (R): It receives slanting rays of the sun.
Pluto is no longer classified as a planet (dwarf planet), hence A is false. R is true as it is very far from the sun and receives slanted rays.
Assertion (A): India and America have increased the number of strategic dialogues between the two countries.
RI: America and India want to improve bilateral relations.
RII: America and India are scheming against Russia.
Strategic dialogues are meant to strengthen mutual relations. Scheming against Russia is not the official or stated purpose of these dialogues.
Assertion (A): Eskimos reside in igloos.
Reason (R): No other material except snow is available.
Eskimos live in igloos, but it is incorrect to say that nothing else is available. They use it for insulation.
Assertion (A): Mohammad-bin-Tughluq is called the 'wisest fool'.
Reason (R): He had wise plans but implemented them foolishly.
In history, he is often known by this title due to his visionary plans and their failed implementation.
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Assertion (A): Leaves of plants are green.
Reason (R): Plants contain Chromoplasts, the green pigment.
Leaves are green due to Chloroplasts (chlorophyll), not Chromoplasts.
Assertion (A): India is a democratic country.
Reason (R): India has a Constitution of its own.
India is democratic, and has a constitution, but merely having a constitution is not the sole reason for being a democracy.
Assertion (A): Safety fuses are made up of materials having a high melting point.
Reason (R): Safety fuses should be resistant to electric current.
Fuses have low melting points so they can melt at high current. Both statements are false.
Assertion (A): In the upper course, the main work of the river is erosion.
Reason (R): River flows swiftly in the upper course.
Due to swift flow, the erosion by the river is high.
Assertion (A): IIT students are very industrious.
Reason (R): IIT students got high package salaries.
Both statements are true, but high salary is the result, not the direct reason for their hard work.
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Assertion (A): Earthworms are not good for agriculture.
Reason (R): Earthworms break down the soil into fine particles and make it soft.
Earthworms are called 'farmers' friends' as they make the soil fertile and soft. Statement A is false, statement R is true.
Assertion (A): DDT has nowadays lost its use as an insecticide.
Reason (R): DDT is harmful to man.
Due to the harmful effects of DDT on humans and the environment, its use as an insecticide has been banned or lost its status.
Assertion (A): Land breeze blows during night.
Reason (R): Land gets heated up quickly.
Land breeze blows because land cools down faster than the sea. Though land gets heated up quickly is true, it is the cause of sea breeze (during day).
Assertion (A): Telephone wires sag more in summer.
Reason (R): They expand due to summer heat.
Due to thermal expansion, metals expand in summer, causing wires to sag.
Assertion (A): Subcontinent teams prefer to hire foreign coaches for their teams.
Reason (R): Foreign coaches are very competitive in their approach.
It is a common practice that teams hire foreign coaches for better strategies and competitive approach.
Assertion (A): Diamond is used for cutting glass.
Reason (R): Diamond has a high refractive index.
Diamond cuts glass due to its extreme hardness, not because of its high refractive index. Both statements are true, but R does not explain A.
Assertion (A): Some people in India are indifferent to the existing reservations in the education and the recruitment fields.
RI: Because these people do not fall under reservation category.
RII: Sometimes reservations cause damage to the merit.
People are indifferent to reservations because they do not fall under the reservation category and often believe that reservations impact merit. Thus, both are reasons.
Assertion (A): The body of the fish is streamlined.
Reason (R): The streamlined body helps the fish to cut its way through the water.
The streamlined body of a fish reduces water resistance, allowing it to swim easily.
Assertion (A): Goitre is a common disease in mountainous regions.
Reason (R): The diet of the people in mountains lacks iodine content.
In mountainous regions, soil and water are deficient in iodine, leading to iodine deficiency in food, which causes Goitre.
Assertion (A): Milk production is low in India as compared to other countries of the world.
Reason (R): The animal breeds in India are poor.
Currently, India is the leading milk producer in the world (A is false). However, the productivity of Indian cattle has been lower compared to many developed countries, so R is true.
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Reasoning