Reasoning

Syllogism

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Statements: Some A are not B. No B is C. Only a few B is D. Conclusions: I. Some D are not C. II. Some D is A is a possibility. III. All A are B is a possibility.

Only II follows

Only III follows

Either I or III follows

Both I and II follow

Explanation

Some B are D, and no B is C. This means the part of B that is D cannot be C. Thus, some D are not C (Conclusion I is correct). There is no relation between A and D, so some D being A is a possibility (Conclusion II is correct). The possibility of all A being B is incorrect because 'some A are not B' is already given in the statement. Thus, I and II are correct.

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Directions (31-40): In the questions below are given some statements followed by some conclusions. You have to take the given statements to be true. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: Some physics is English. No English is maths. All maths are economics.
Conclusions: I. Some physics is not maths. II. Some English can be economics. III. Some economics is not English.
(A) If only conclusion II follows
(B) If both conclusions II and III follow
(C) If both conclusions I and III follow
(D) If both conclusions I and II follow
(E) If all conclusions follow

If only conclusion II follows

If both conclusions II and III follow

If both conclusions I and III follow

If both conclusions I and II follow

Explanation

'Some physics is English' and 'No English is maths', so the physics that is English cannot be maths (I is true). 2. There is no negative relationship between English and economics, so it is possible (II is true). 3. All maths are economics and no maths is English, so the part of economics that is maths is not English (III is true).

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Statements: (1) All mangoes are apples. (2) All apples are grapes.
Conclusions: I. Some grapes are apples. II. Some apples are mangoes.

Incomplete option

Explanation

Question is incomplete.

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Statements: (1) All books are copies. (2) No copy is pen. (3) No book is test. Conclusions: I. No book is pen. II. Some copies are not tests. III. Some tests are not copies. IV. All copies are tests.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Only III and IV follow

Only I and II follow

Explanation

Logic: From (1) and (2), 'No book is pen' (I) is correct. From statement (3) and (1), 'Some copies are not tests' (II) is correct.

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Statements:
(1) Some rains are water.
(2) Some rains are blue.
Conclusions:
I. Some water are blue.
II. No water is blue.
III. All water are blue.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Either I or II follows

Only III follows

Explanation

The statements (1) and (2) cannot be connected because the common term 'rain' is 50. Therefore, all three conclusions are wrong. Here, 'either-or' case is formed between conclusions-I and II.

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Statements: Only few white is blue. Only few blue is black. Some black is red. Conclusions: I. Some white is not blue. II. Some blue are not red.

Both conclusion I and II follow.

Only conclusion I follows.

Only conclusion II follows.

Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows.

Explanation

Analysis: The statement 'Only few white is blue' means some part of white is blue and some part is not blue. Thus, Conclusion I is true. Conclusion II is false because the relationship between blue and red is only 'some', there is no definite negative relationship. Correct answer is B.

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Statements: Some life is a book. All book is page. No page is pen. Some pen is mobile. No mobile is network. Conclusions: (A) Some life is not pen. (B) All book being pen is a possibility. (C) Some pen is not network. (D) Some book is not pen. (E) Some life is page.

None follows

Only I follows

Either I or II follows

Only II follows

Explanation

Books are inside pages and no page is a pen, so no book is a pen. Thus 'some book is not pen' is true. This conclusion is in D.

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Statements: Some dairy milks are KitKat, Only a few KitKat are milky bar, All dairy milk are snickers. Conclusions: I. All KitKat can never be milky bar, II. Some dairy milks are milky bar, III. Some sneakers are KitKat.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Both I and II follow

Both I and III follow (or E: Either II or III and I follow)

Explanation

I is true (Only a few KitKat are milky bar means some KitKat will never be milky bar). III is true (All dairy milk are snickers and some dairy milk are KitKat, so snickers and KitKat are related).

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Directions (111-115): In the questions below are given two conclusions followed by five set of statements. You have to choose the correct set of statements that logically satisfies given conclusions either definitely or possibly.
Conclusions: Some F is A. No E is C.
(A) Some F is B. All B is C. No C is D. All D is A. Some D is E
(B) Some F is B. All B is A. No A is C. All D is C. Some C is E
(C) All A is F. No F is C. All B is C. Some C is D. All D is E
(D) Some A is E. All E is F. No F is C. All D is C. Some C is B
(E) None of these.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Explanation

Analysis of option (D): Some A is E + All E is F => Some A is F (or Some F is A). No F is C + All D is C => No D is F (No E is F). This satisfies the conclusions.

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Statements: All cells are bins. All bins are petals. No petal is root. All roots are leafs. Conclusions: I. No cell is bin. II. No bins are root. III. All cells are petals. IV. All leafs are roots.

Only I and II do not follow

Only I does not follow

Only I, II and III do not follow

All not follow

Explanation

Conclusion I 'No cell is bin' is incorrect because 'All cells are bins'. Conclusion II 'No bins are root' is true (bins are part of petals and petals are not roots). Conclusion III is true. Conclusion IV is false. Thus only conclusion I does not follow.

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Directions (106-110): Meaning of symbols: P#Q - All P is Q. P@Q - Some P is Q. P©Q - No P is Q. P $Q - Some P is not Q. Statements: A # B © C © D Conclusions: (A) D © B (B) A$ B
(C) D © B
(D) D © B
(E) None of these

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Explanation

A # B (All A is B), B © C (No B is C), C © D (No C is D). Conclusion (C) D © B (No D is B) is correct.

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Statements:
i. All E are X.
ii. All G are H.
iii. Some G are E.
iv. No J is G.
v. Some J are H.
vi. Some X are G.

(iv, ii, i)

(iii, vi, i)

(ii, iv, v)

(iii, i, vi)

Explanation

Logical Analysis (according to option D - iii, i, vi):
iii. Some G are E.
i. All E are X.
vi. Some X are G.
If some part of G is E and all E are X, then the part of X that is E is definitely also G. Thus, some X are G.

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Statements: All ear is eye. Some eye is hand. Only few hand is leg. No leg is nose. Conclusions: I. Some nose being eye is a possibility. II. All hand being nose is a possibility. III. Some ear is hand.

Only conclusion II follows.

Only conclusion I follows.

Both conclusion I and II follow.

Both conclusion I and III follow.

Explanation

Analysis: Conclusion I is true because there is no direct prohibition between eye and nose, so a possibility can exist. Conclusion II is false because 'Only few hand is leg' and 'No leg is nose', so the part of hand that is leg cannot be nose. Conclusion III is false as there is no direct relationship between ear and hand. Correct answer is B.

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Statements: Only a few Genes are DNA, Only DNA are RNA, No RNA is Protein. Conclusions: I. No Gene is Protein, II. Some proteins are Genes, III. Some Genes are not DNA.

Only II follows

Either I or II and III follow

Both I and II follow

Both II and III follow (or E: None follows)

Explanation

Here only a few Genes are DNA, so some Genes are not DNA (III is true). Only DNA are RNA means all RNA are DNA. No RNA is Protein. I and II form a complementary pair.

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Statements:
(1) Most players are men.
(2) Some men are singers.
Conclusions:
I. Some singers are men.
II. Some players are singers.

Only I follows.

Only II follows.

Both I and II follow.

Neither I nor II follows.

Explanation

Explanation: Statement (1) 'Most players are men' means 'Some players are men' (50, 50). Statement (2) 'Some men are singers' (50, 50). Conclusion I: 'Some singers are men' is derived from Statement (2) by conversion, hence it is correct. Conclusion II: 'Some players are singers', Statement (1) and (2) cannot be connected as there is no common term (middle term value is not 100). Hence, Conclusion II is incorrect.

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Statements: Some chair is table. All table is desk. Some desk is bench. No bench is wood.
Conclusions: I. Some desk is not wood. II. No table is bench. III. Some wood being chair is a possibility.
(A) Both conclusion I and III follow.
(B) Only conclusion III follows.
(C) Only conclusion I follows.
(D) Both conclusion I and II follow.
(E) None of the above.

Both conclusion I and III follow.

Only conclusion III follows.

Only conclusion I follows.

Both conclusion I and II follow.
(E) None of the above.

Explanation

Statement Analysis: Some chair ∩ table ⊂ desk. Some desk ∩ bench. No bench ∩ wood.
Conclusions:
I. 'Some desk is not wood': The part of the desk that is bench cannot be wood. True.
II. 'No table is bench': No certain relationship between table and bench. False.
III. 'Some wood being chair is a possibility': Possible. True.
Thus, (A) is correct.

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Statements: Few cars are weights. Every weights are steels. Few steels are coppers. Every coppers are bands. Conclusions: I. Few bands are cars. II. Few weights are bands. III. Few coppers are cars. IV. Few steels are cars.

Only I and III follow

Only I and II follow

Only IV follows

Only II and IV follow

Explanation

Some cars are weights and all weights are steel, so some steel are cars. Thus conclusion IV follows. Other conclusions do not necessarily follow.

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Statements: All bags are pockets. All covers are bags. All parcels are covers. No pocket is a color. Conclusions: I. No bag is a color. II. All parcels are pockets. III. At least some pockets are covers. IV. All colors being parcels is a possibility.

Only I does not follow

Only II does not follow

Only III does not follow

Only IV does not follow

Explanation

All bags are pockets and no pocket is a color, so no bag is a color. Conclusion I is true. Conclusion II is false because parcels are inside pockets, but it doesn't mean all parcels are pockets (actually this is true). Option B means conclusion II does not follow logically.

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Statements: (1) All markers are pens. (2) No pen is black. Conclusions: I. All markers are black is a possibility. II. Some markers are black is a possibility. III. Some markers are not black is a possibility. IV. No marker is black is a possibility.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Only III follows

None follows

Explanation

Here, all possibilities are from marker to black. The definite result from marker to black by connecting both statements- No marker is black. The possibilities for 'all markers are black' and 'Some markers are black' are incorrect because it is known that no marker is black. Therefore, conclusion-I and II are wrong. III. When no marker is black then 'Some markers are not black' is also a definite result. Therefore, the possibility is incorrect. IV. This is a definite result, therefore the possibility is incorrect. Hence, none follows.

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Statements: (1) All pens are pencils. (2) All pencils are black.
Conclusions: I. All pens are black is a possibility. II. Some pens are black is a possibility. III. Some pens are not black is a possibility. IV. No pens is black is a possibility.

Only I follows

Only II follows

Only I and III follow

None follows

Explanation

Logic: All pens are pencils and all pencils are black. This means all pens are also black.
I. 'All pens are black' - This is definitely true, so it is not a possibility.
II. 'Some pens are black' - This is definitely true, so it is not a possibility.
III. 'Some pens are not black' - This is false, because all pens are black.
IV. 'No pen is black' - This is false.
Therefore, none of the conclusions are correct as a possibility.

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