History of Rajasthan

Marathas

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MEDIUM

Which of the following describes the correct chronological sequence of events regarding the Marwar-Maratha relations in the 18th century?

Treaty of 1756 -> Siege of Nagaur and Jodhpur -> Death of Ram Singh (1772)

Siege of Nagaur and Jodhpur -> Treaty of 1756 -> Death of Ram Singh (1772)

Death of Ram Singh -> Treaty of 1756 -> Siege of Nagaur

Siege of Jodhpur -> Death of Ram Singh -> Treaty of 1756

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Siege of Nagaur and Jodhpur -> Treaty of 1756 -> Death of Ram Singh (1772).
Core Concept: Military conflict often preceded treaties in this era, followed by long-term territorial status quo until the death of claimants.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Timeline:
- Pre-1756: The conflict culminated in the Siege of Nagaur and Jodhpur.
- 1756 (Feb): The formal Marwar-Maratha Treaty was signed to resolve the immediate crisis.
- 1772: Ram Singh's death provided the opportunity for Vijay Singh to regain the lost territories.

HARD

Assertion (A): In 1728, Marathas collected 'Chauth' from the semi-independent states of Dungarpur and Banswara.
Reason (R): During this period, the central Mughal authority was weak, and the Rajput states were fragmented, allowing Marathas to extract revenue without significant military resistance.

Which of the following is correct?

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false, but R is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Core Concept: The intersection of Maratha financial policy (Chauth) and the decline of regional central authority.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Logic:
- The Assertion is a recorded historical fact from 1728.
- The Reason correctly explains the modus operandi of the Marathas: they exploited the power vacuum caused by the weakening Mughal empire and the lack of a unified Rajput front, enabling them to levy taxes like Chauth.

HARD

How did the 'Aid for Money' policy of the Marathas specifically impact the feudal structure of Rajasthan?

It strengthened the rulers by providing them with powerful Maratha armies.

It made the feudal lords (Samants) unruly and eroded the authority of the rulers.

It led to the abolition of the feudal system in favor of direct Maratha rule.

It unified the rulers and nobles against the common Maratha enemy.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: It made the feudal lords (Samants) unruly and eroded the authority of the rulers.
Core Concept: The 'Aid for Money' policy exploited the internal divisions within Rajput states.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Mechanism: The Marathas realized that by offering military support to whoever paid them (whether the king or a rebel noble), they could extract massive sums of wealth from both sides.
Result: This encouraged Samants (nobles) to challenge their kings more frequently, knowing they could hire Maratha support.
Destabilization: This destroyed the traditional feudal hierarchy and state stability, as rulers became financially bankrupt and socially weak.

EASY

Which of the following is NOT correctly listed as a key event in the Rajput-Maratha conflict according to the historical timeline of regional struggles?

Bundi Succession Conflict

Hurda Conference

Dholpur Treaty

Battle of Haldighati

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Battle of Haldighati
Core Concept: Differentiating between specific Rajput-Maratha conflict events and other major historical events in Rajasthan.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Historical Scope:
- The Rajput-Maratha conflict timeline specifically includes the Bundi Succession Conflict, Hurda Conference, Dholpur Treaty, and succession conflicts in Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Mewar.
- The Battle of Haldighati occurred much earlier (16th century) and involved different primary stakeholders (Mughals and Mewar), making it irrelevant to the context of the Rajput-Maratha conflict.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Included Events	Category	Era/Context
Bundi/Jaipur/Jodhpur/Mewar	Succession	Late 17th - 18th Century
Hurda Conference	Diplomatic	18th Century
Dholpur Treaty	Formal Agreement	18th Century

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Exam Trap: Always verify the timeframe. The Rajput-Maratha struggle is distinct from the earlier Rajput-Mughal conflicts.

EASY

Consider the following information about the political alliances surrounding the Krishna Kumari controversy:

Initially, Krishna Kumari's marriage was fixed with the ruler of Jodhpur, Bhim Singh.
After the death of Jodhpur's Bhim Singh, the Maharana of Mewar chose to marry her to Jagat Singh of Jaipur.
The death of the Jodhpur ruler in 1803 was a pivotal moment that triggered the conflict.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: 1, 2, and 3
Core Concept: The entire controversy stemmed from the death of the original fiancé and the subsequent reallocation of the marriage contract to a rival house.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Logical Chain of Events:
- The initial contract (Bhim Singh of Jodhpur) was voided by his death in 1803.
- The transition of power to Mansingh in Jodhpur and the Maharana's decision to pivot to Jagat Singh of Jaipur created the competitive environment.
- Each of these steps contributes to the escalation that ultimately required the intervention of forces like the Marathas and Amir Khan Pindari.

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HARD

Assertion (A): The Battle of Patan (1790) proved to be a decisive turning point for Maratha authority in Rajasthan.
Reason (R): Following the Maratha victory at Patan, the Marathas successfully captured Ajmer city and its fort, and subsequently defeated the Rathods again near Merta.

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

A is true but R is false

A is false but R is true

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Core Concept: Patan was a catalyst that allowed the Marathas to consolidate their regional dominance through subsequent territorial gains.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Assertion (A): Patan was indeed a major turning point. Unlike Tunga, which checked their influence, Patan allowed the Marathas to regain the offensive.
Reason (R): The reason explains the assertion perfectly. The victory at Patan was immediately followed by the occupation of the strategic Ajmer fort and the defeat of the Rathods at Merta (10 Sept 1790), which effectively crippled the Rajput resistance in the short term.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Region/Target	Significance
Ajmer	Key administrative and military center, captured by Marathas post-Patan
Merta	Site of the 1790 defeat of Rathods by Marathas
Ismail Beg	Fought on the Rajput side at Patan but retreated from the field

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall: Do not confuse the sequence of events. The capture of Ajmer and the Merta conflict occurred as a consequence of the Maratha success at Patan.

MEDIUM

Arrange the following historical milestones in the Jaipur succession conflict in chronological order:

Ishwari Singh's death.
Battle of Rajmahal.
Signing of the Debari Treaty.
Battle of Bagru.
Massacre of Marathas.

Select the correct sequence:

3 -> 2 -> 4 -> 1 -> 5

3 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1 -> 5

2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 1

3 -> 2 -> 4 -> 5 -> 1

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 3 -> 2 -> 4 -> 1 -> 5.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

1708: Debari Treaty signed.
1747: Battle of Rajmahal (Ishwari Singh victory).
1748: Battle of Bagru (Coalition victory, Madho Singh supported).
1750 (Dec): Ishwari Singh commits suicide.
1751 (Jan): Massacre of Marathas in Jaipur.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Sequence Trick: Remember the sequence of major conflicts: Rajmahal (1747) precedes Bagru (1748). The suicide follows the indemnity pressure resulting from the Bagru defeat.

MEDIUM

Who were the primary allies of Madho Singh during the Battle of Bagru (1748)?

Jagat Singh II (Mewar), Ummed Singh (Bundi), Durjansal (Kota), Abhay Singh (Jodhpur), and the Marathas

Surajmal (Bharatpur), Ranoji Scindia, and the Mughal Emperor

Rajmal Khatri, Jagat Singh II (Mewar), and Malhar Rao Holkar

Khinchi Rani and the local chieftains of Jaipur

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Jagat Singh II (Mewar), Ummed Singh (Bundi), Durjansal (Kota), Abhay Singh (Jodhpur), and the Marathas.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Battle of Bagru Context: This battle represented the peak of the anti-Ishwari Singh coalition. It united major neighboring powers (Mewar, Bundi, Kota, Jodhpur) and utilized Maratha military might to force Ishwari Singh into submission.
Comparison: This alliance was much broader and stronger than the forces faced by Ishwari Singh at Rajmahal, leading directly to the coalition's victory.

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding the Maratha incursions into Rajasthan in 1724:

The pressure of Marathas on Rajasthan borders increased significantly following the establishment of the independent Hyderabad dynasty.
Following the Battle of Shakar-Kheda, the Marathas successfully captured Udaipur after a long siege.
The Mewar Maharana sought assistance from both Sawai Jai Singh and the Mughal Emperor to counter the looting of villages.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The statements 1 and 3 are correct.
Core Concept: The geopolitical fallout of the 1724 battle and its immediate impact on Mewar.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Statement Analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct: The Battle of Shakar-Kheda (1724) resulted in the defeat of Mubariz Khan and the rise of the independent Hyderabad dynasty, which destabilized the region and facilitated Maratha expansion.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The text mentions looting of Mewar villages, but there is no historical record in this context of a successful capture of Udaipur by Marathas during this specific period.
- Statement 3 is correct: The Mewar Maharana repeatedly appealed to Sawai Jai Singh and Emperor Muhammad Shah, but no concrete help was provided.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Key Entity	Event/Outcome
Mubariz Khan	Mughal Subedar of Deccan defeated in 1724.
Shakar-Kheda	The battle that changed the power balance in the Deccan.
Mewar State	Faced early looting despite desperate appeals for Mughal intervention.

EASY

Consider the following assertion and reason:

Assertion (A): The Debari Treaty (1708) is considered the primary root cause of the Jaipur succession conflict.
Reason (R): It stipulated that the son born to Princess Chandrakunvari would be the heir to the Jaipur throne, effectively sidelining the rights of the elder son (Ishwari Singh).

Which of the following is correct?

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

🧠 Concept Blueprint

The Treaty's Nature: The Debari Treaty was a dynastic agreement between Mewar and Jaipur. By guaranteeing the throne to the offspring of Princess Chandrakunvari (Madho Singh) regardless of birth order, it directly contradicted the traditional primogeniture rights of Ishwari Singh (born to the Khinchi Rani).
Historical Consequence: This legal ambiguity created a conflict that lasted for decades, inviting neighbors and Marathas into internal Jaipur affairs.

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MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding the Marwar-Maratha Treaty of 1756:

As a result of the treaty, the control of the strategic Ajmer Fort (Taragarh) was handed over to the Marathas.
Vijay Singh was obligated to pay an annual tribute of 1.5 Lakh rupees to the Marathas in addition to the war indemnity.
The treaty mandated that Vijay Singh must station a military unit for the protection of Ajmer within the Maratha army at his own expense.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: All three statements are correct.
Core Concept: The 1756 Treaty marked a significant loss of sovereignty and financial independence for Marwar to the rising Maratha power.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Treaty Terms & Implications:
- Territorial Cession: The loss of Ajmer Fort (Taragarh) was a strategic blow, placing the heart of central Rajasthan under Maratha influence.
- Financial Burden: The treaty imposed a heavy 50 Lakh rupee war indemnity (Yuddha Kshatipurti) along with a recurring 1.5 Lakh rupee annual payment, draining the state treasury.
- Military Liability: By forcing Vijay Singh to fund a military unit within the Maratha army for Ajmer's protection, the Marathas effectively turned the Marwar state into a financial provider for their own military apparatus.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Aspect	Details
Treaty Year	1756 (February)
Key Fort Lost	Taragarh (Ajmer)
Marwar Ruler	Vijay Singh
Indemnity Paid	50 Lakh Rupees

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Exam Trap: Remember that while the treaty required a military unit to be funded by Vijay Singh for Ajmer, it did not relinquish Marwar's entire independence; rather, it created complex tributary relations.

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding the economic impact of Maratha intervention in Rajasthan:

The Maratha commanders prioritized the development of agriculture to ensure a steady flow of tax revenue.
Trade and commerce in the region collapsed due to persistent insecurity and the imposition of heavy, unpredictable taxes.
Rulers often imposed new, burdensome taxes on the public specifically to meet the extortionate demands of the Maratha leaders.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.
Core Concept: Maratha intervention was characterized by 'short-term extraction' rather than 'long-term sustainable development'.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Agriculture: Contrary to building an economy, Maratha looting actually ruined agriculture. They prioritized immediate cash extraction over investing in land productivity.
Economic Collapse: Because there was no guarantee of security, trade routes became dangerous, and merchants fled, leading to the collapse of local commerce.
Public Burden: The rulers, stripped of their own wealth, had no choice but to tax their subjects heavily, creating a double-burden on the common man.

EASY

What was the ultimate fate of the proposal made by Rawat Kubersingh in February 1742 regarding the anti-Maratha confederacy?

It was successfully implemented, leading to the expulsion of Marathas from Malwa

It failed because the Rajput rulers refused to contribute funds

It remained limited to correspondence and was never implemented

It was rejected by the Bundelas, leading to its cancellation

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: It remained limited to correspondence and was never implemented.
Core Concept: The distinction between proposed strategies and actual military history in Rajput-Maratha relations.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Status: Despite the ambition behind the plan (Hurda, Mandsaur, Bundela aid), the fragmented nature of Rajput politics in the mid-18th century prevented any actionable steps from being taken.
Documentation: It exists in history primarily as a piece of correspondence sent by the Rawat of Salumbar to the Maharana.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall: In history exams, distinguish between 'plans that failed in the field' (like the Marwar defense) and 'plans that never left the paper' (like Kubersingh's proposal).

HARD

Why was the appointment of a Kamvisdar in the territories under Ram Singh significant?

It was meant to help Ram Singh improve his administrative efficiency.

It allowed the Marathas to directly oversee and collect revenue from octroi taxes.

It was a gesture of goodwill to ensure law and order in Ram Singh's region.

It forced Ram Singh to abdicate his throne in favor of the Marathas.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: It allowed the Marathas to directly oversee and collect revenue from octroi taxes.
Core Concept: The Kamvisdar was a tool for Maratha fiscal control.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Administrative Role: The appointment wasn't for Ram Singh's benefit; it was a structural necessity for the Marathas to ensure they received their fair share of Chungi (octroi) revenue without relying on local reporting, which they deemed unreliable.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Memorable Trivia: This revenue-sharing agreement (50:50) effectively made the Marathas 'partners' in the trade taxes of Ram Singh's own districts.

MEDIUM

Assertion (A): The Marathas gained 'permanent intervention' status in Rajasthan largely by controlling administrative districts known as Parganas.
Reason (R): Exercising control over Parganas provided the Marathas with a steady source of revenue and direct territorial authority, which facilitated long-term dominance.

Which of the following is correct?

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Core Mechanism:
- Parganas served as more than just territory; they were fiscal nodes.
- By controlling these, the Marathas transitioned from transient raiders collecting occasional tax (Chauth) to administrators exerting persistent, structural influence over Rajput states, thereby securing permanent intervention capabilities.

EASY

Which Mughal representative was instrumental in negotiating the Dholpur Treaty of 1741?

Sawai Jai Singh II

Maharaja Suraj Mal

Mirza Raja Jai Singh

Baji Rao I

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Sawai Jai Singh II.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Historical Role: Sawai Jai Singh II of Jaipur was a dominant political figure of the era and held immense influence in the Mughal court, often acting as a mediator and negotiator for the Empire in matters involving the Marathas.

MEDIUM

Assertion (A): The Hurda Conference (1734) is considered the first organized attempt at Rajput unity against Maratha intervention.
Reason (R): The conference successfully created a unified military command that defeated the Marathas at Mandsaur.

Which of the following is correct?

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

A is true, but R is false.

A is false, but R is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Assertion A is true, but Reason R is false.
Core Concept: Despite its historical significance as an organized effort, the Hurda Conference was a practical failure.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Analysis of Assertion: The Hurda Conference (17 July 1734) was indeed the first major platform where Rajput rulers like Sawai Jai Singh and Maharana Jagat Singh II attempted to formalize a defensive alliance.
Analysis of Reason: The conference failed in practice due to mutual disputes between Sawai Jai Singh and Abhay Singh, leadership controversies, and the passivity of the rulers. The participants never achieved a unified military command, nor did they succeed in defeating the Marathas at Mandsaur. The plan for a collective march essentially never materialized.

EASY

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the role of Dalel Singh in the Bundi succession conflict?

He was the rightful heir born to the Chundawat queen.

He was a member of the Bundi royal bloodline chosen by the nobility.

He was the son of the Jagirdar of Karwar, installed by Sawai Jai Singh.

He was a Maratha general who captured the throne of Bundi.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: He was the son of the Jagirdar of Karwar, installed by Sawai Jai Singh.
Core Concept: Dalel Singh was an outsider to the Bundi royal dynasty, elevated to the throne by Jai Singh to ensure Jaipur's influence over the neighboring state of Bundi.

MEDIUM

The dependency of local rulers on the Marathas is best exemplified by which of the following scenarios?

Seeking Maratha assistance to build fortifications against invaders.

Requesting Maratha intervention to solve internal succession disputes.

Asking the Marathas to manage trade routes with the Mughals.

Collaborating with the Marathas to establish a unified Rajput confederation.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Requesting Maratha intervention to solve internal succession disputes.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Reasoning: The text specifically highlights that Rajput rulers, weakened by internal strife, began relying on the Marathas to arbitrate their own internal succession and political disagreements. This reliance allowed the Marathas to transition from external marauders to essential political arbiters within the Rajput courts.

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding the Rajput resistance against Maratha incursions during 1741-1742:

In 1741, the Marathas initiated an attack on Mewar utilizing the Bagad route.
In 1742, the rulers of Holkar and Scindia directed an attack on Marwar specifically to enforce the collection of Chauth.
The ruler of Marwar at the time of the 1742 Maratha invasion was Abhay Singh, whose irregular tax payments triggered the conflict.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3 are correct

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
Core Concept: The early 1740s were marked by intense Maratha pressure on Rajput states, leading to specific, documented interventions in Mewar and Marwar.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

1741 Mewar Conflict: The Marathas strategically utilized the Bagad route to penetrate Mewar territory, necessitating an effective military response by Maharana Jagat Singh II.
1742 Marwar Crisis: The tension was primarily financial. Abhay Singh of Marwar failed to maintain a regular schedule of Chauth payments, prompting direct military intervention by the Maratha forces led by Holkar and Scindia.
Strategic Dynamics: All three statements accurately reflect the historical records regarding the route of attack, the underlying cause for the Marwar invasion, and the ruler involved.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall: Students often confuse the leaders of the Maratha attacks. Always remember that Holkar and Scindia were key figures in executing these punitive expeditions into Marwar for revenue collection.

Memorable Trivia: The policy of 'emptying villages' was a classic asymmetrical warfare tactic employed by Marwar residents to deny the invaders local resources, a form of scorched-earth strategy.

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