History of Rajasthan

Peasant Movement

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EASY

Which of the following statements regarding the Kudan Village Incident of 1935 is incorrect?

The incident occurred on April 25, 1935.

The conflict was triggered by the forceful collection of taxes by Sikar's Revenue Officer.

Police opened fire on the protesting farmers during the event.

The Sikar Movement demands were fully and immediately fulfilled following this incident.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The incorrect statement is that the demands were fully and immediately fulfilled.
Core Concept: Historical movements rarely yield immediate, full success; they often involve long-drawn compromises.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

The Reality of Sikar Movement:
- While the incident served as a wake-up call and increased resistance, the Thikana only agreed to a compromise via mediation.
- It took until after 1947 for the farmers' real demands to be fully realized.
- The other options (Date: April 25, 1935, Cause: Forced tax collection, Event: Police firing) are all factually accurate accounts of the Kudan tragedy.

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MEDIUM

Who presented the resolution regarding the Bijolia peasant movement in the Amritsar Congress session in December 1919?

Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi

Lokmanya Tilak

Madan Mohan Malviya

Vijay Singh Pathik

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Lokmanya Tilak.
Core Concept: This event marks the Nationalization of the Bijolia Peasant Movement, where a local agrarian struggle in the Mewar region of Rajasthan gained formal recognition and support from the Indian National Congress (INC).

🧠 Concept Blueprint

The Core Entity: Bijolia Peasant Movement:
- It is recognized as the longest non-violent peasant movement in India, spanning from 1897 to 1941.
- The movement was primarily a fight against excessive taxes (Lags), forced labor (Begar), and the oppressive feudal system of the Mewar State.
Why It is Correct:
- Vijay Singh Pathik (the movement's chief architect) worked tirelessly to bring the plight of the peasants to the national stage.
- He collaborated with Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, the editor of the newspaper Pratap (published from Kanpur), to publicize the atrocities of the Jagirdars.
- Due to this publicity, during the Amritsar Congress Session in December 1919, the legendary leader Lokmanya Tilak presented a formal resolution to support the Bijolia peasants, thereby giving the movement a national identity.

📊 Fact Spotlight: Bijolia Movement Key Details

Attribute	Detail	Significance
Duration	1897 – 1941	India's longest non-violent agrarian struggle.
Chief Leader	Vijay Singh Pathik	Real name Bhoop Singh; provided strategic leadership.
Key Publication	Pratap	Edited by Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi; acted as the voice of the movement.
INC Session	Amritsar (1919)	Presided over by Motilal Nehru; resolution presented by Lokmanya Tilak.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall / Exam Trap: Students often confuse the leader of the movement with the person who presented the resolution. Remember: Vijay Singh Pathik led the peasants on the ground, but Lokmanya Tilak gave them a voice in the Indian National Congress.

Mnemonic Trick / Memory Aid: To remember the roles, use: "Pathik showed the Path, Vidyarthi wrote the News, and Tilak gave the Voice":

Pathik = Path (Leadership/Direction)
Vidyarthi = News (Reporting in Pratap)
Tilak = Voice (Resolution in Congress)

Memorable Trivia: The movement was so persistent that it lasted for 44 years. It was divided into three distinct phases, and its success inspired other peasant movements across Rajasthan, such as those in Begun and Alwar.

कनिष्ठ अनुदेशक- 23.03.2019

MEDIUM

With which movement was Sitaram Das associated?

Shekhawati Peasant Movement

Hadoti Peasant Movement

Bijolia Peasant Movement

Mewat Peasant Movement

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Bijolia Peasant Movement.
Core Concept: The Bijolia Peasant Movement was the longest non-violent peasant struggle in Indian history, lasting from 1897 to 1941, fought against the oppressive feudal taxes and forced labor in the Mewar region of Rajasthan.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

The Core Entity: Bijolia Peasant Movement:
- Origin: Started in 1897 in the Bijolia Jagir (now in Bhilwara district) of the Mewar princely state.
- Primary Grievances: Protesting against Lags and Bags (excessive taxes—some records mention up to 84-86 types) and Begar (forced labor).
Role of Sitaram Das:
- Early Leadership: Sadhu Sitaram Das was the primary leader during the first phase of the movement (1897-1914).
- Mobilization: As a practitioner of Ayurvedic medicine, he gained the trust of the peasants and used his medical practice to organize them.
- Organizational Effort: He established the Mitra Mandal (Friends' Association) in 1905 to spread nationalist ideas and awareness among the farmers.
- Direct Action: In March 1913, he led nearly 1,000 peasants to the palace of the Bijolia Jagirdar to present their grievances.
Why It is Correct: While leaders like Vijay Singh Pathik and Manikyalal Verma provided later organizational structure and national visibility, Sadhu Sitaram Das was the pivotal figure who led the initial grassroots struggle.

📊 Fact Spotlight: Key Elements of Bijolia Movement

Attribute	Detail	Significance
Timeline	1897 - 1941	Longest non-violent peasant movement in India (approx. 44 years).
Oppressive Taxes	Chanwari & Talwar Bandhai	Chanwari was a marital tax; Talwar Bandhai was a succession tax imposed by the Jagirdar.
Key Organization	Uparmal Panchayat	Established in 1917 by Vijay Singh Pathik to provide a structured administrative body for peasants.
Media Support	Pratap Newspaper	Published by Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, it brought the plight of Bijolia peasants to national attention.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall / Exam Trap: Students often confuse the leaders of different phases. Remember: Sadhu Sitaram Das = First Phase (Early mobilization); Vijay Singh Pathik = Second Phase (Organized struggle and national link). Do not confuse this with the Shekhawati or Begun movements, which were inspired by Bijolia but had different leadership.

Mnemonic Trick / Memory Aid: To remember the movement's scale, think: "Bijolia is the Big-est" $\rightarrow$ Big = Longest duration in Indian peasant history.

Memorable Trivia: The Bijolia movement is historically significant because it began before Mahatma Gandhi's Champaran Satyagraha (1917), proving that non-violent mass resistance was already taking root in the princely states of Rajasthan.

EASY

Match the following historical terminologies with their primary descriptions:

Term	Description
A. Zamindar	1. High-ranking noble managing administration and justice in a territory
B. Jagirdar	2. Person granted authority over an area to collect revenue and provide military services
C. Samant	3. Person controlling land with the right to collect revenue for the state

Select the correct code:

A-1, B-2, C-3

A-3, B-2, C-1

A-2, B-3, C-1

A-3, B-1, C-2

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct matching is A-3, B-2, C-1.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Zamindar (3): Traditionally defined as a landlord or revenue collector who held rights to control land for the state.
Jagirdar (2): An official or noble granted a specific Jagir (territory) in exchange for maintaining administration and providing military or financial services to the ruler.
Samant (1): Often referred to as a Feudal Lord, these were high-ranking nobles with specialized judicial and administrative powers within their territory, functioning as an extension of royal authority.

MEDIUM

Assertion (A): The Mewar Jat Kisan Movement (1880) is widely cited in textbooks as the first organized peasant movement of Rajasthan.
Reason (R): It was the first instance where peasants systematically collective protested against state-sanctioned tax policies and Jagirdari oppression in the Mewar region.

Select the correct answer:

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true but (R) is false.

(A) is false but (R) is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Core Concept: The 'organized' label is attributed to this movement precisely because it represents the first instance of systematic collective protest in the region's history, setting a precedent for later agrarian struggles.

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EASY

Which of the following events was directly triggered by the forceful attempt of the Sikar Revenue Officer to collect taxes from farmers?

The Katrathal Women's Conference

The formation of the Farmer's Association

The Kudan Village Incident

The Singhot Thikana Protests

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The Kudan Village Incident.
Core Concept: Analyzing the root causes of major farmer protests in the Sikar region.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Contextual Distinction:
- The Kudan Village Incident (1935) was sparked by immediate agrarian grievances—specifically, the aggressive and forceful tactics employed by the Revenue Officer to extract taxes.
- In contrast, the Katrathal Women's Conference (1934) was primarily organized to protest the systemic atrocities committed by Man Singh of Singhot Thikana against women.

MEDIUM

Consider the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) regarding the Sikar movement's resolution:

Assertion (A): The movement concluded with a full, permanent resolution that satisfied all peasant demands by 1936.
Reason (R): The mediation by Sir Chhotu Ram and Ratan Singh provided only partial relief to the farmers.

Select the correct option:

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true, but (R) is false.

(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Core Concept: The nature of feudal-era compromises versus permanent resolutions.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Logic Check:
- Assertion (A) is false because the resolution was neither full nor permanent by 1936; the real demands were met only after 1947.
- Reason (R) is true; the mediation indeed only achieved a partial relief for the farmers, as the systemic structure of the Thikanas remained intact until post-independence reforms.

JEN (Diploma) Exam - 21.08.2016

MEDIUM

'Shekhawati Jakat Movement' was led by whom?

Pt. Narottam Lal Joshi

Pt. Todarmal

Pt. Ramkaran Asopa

Pt. Abhin Hari

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Pt. Narottam Lal Joshi.
Core Concept: The Shekhawati Jakat Movement was a specific agrarian protest against the Jakat tax, a duty imposed on the trade and transport of grains between different princely states and feudal estates (Thikanas) in the Shekhawati region.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

The Core Entity: Shekhawati Jakat Movement:
- Nature of Tax: The Jakat was not a land revenue tax but a trade tax (customs duty) levied whenever grains were moved from one thikana to another or across state borders.
- Impact: This tax artificially inflated food prices and severely burdened both the small farmers and the local traders of the Shekhawati region.
Why It is Correct:
- While the broader Shekhawati peasant struggles (like the Sikar movement) were led by figures like Ramnarayan Chaudhary, the specific movement targeting the Jakat tax was spearheaded by Pt. Narottam Lal Joshi.
- Pt. Narottam Lal Joshi was a pivotal leader who bridged the gap between grassroots peasant activism and formal political leadership, eventually becoming the first Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Attribute	Detail	Significance
Jakat Tax	Duty on grain trade between thikanas/states	Created economic hardship for farmers and traders.
Primary Region	Shekhawati (Sikar and Jhunjhunu)	Known for the Panchpane area (Bissau, Malsisar, Dundlod, Mandawa, Nawalgarh).
Key Leader	Pt. Narottam Lal Joshi	Transitioned from a peasant leader to the 1st Speaker of the Rajasthan Assembly.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall / Exam Trap: Students often confuse the Jakat Movement with the general Sikar Peasant Movement. Remember: The Sikar movement focused on land revenue and Begar (forced labor), whereas the Jakat movement specifically targeted the trade tax on grains.

Mnemonic Trick / Memory Aid: Think of "Jakat = Junction Tax". Since Jakat was paid at the "junctions" or borders of different thikanas/states, it helps distinguish it from land taxes paid on the farm.

Memorable Trivia: The Shekhawati region saw one of the most powerful women's mobilizations in Indian history during the Katrathal Conference (1934), where over 10,000 women gathered under the leadership of Kishori Devi to protest against feudal oppression.

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding the tax structure in Rajasthan:

The term 'Lagaan' traditionally referred to state-sanctioned land revenue, whereas 'Laagat' referred to illegal or arbitrary extra levies.
Both 'Lagaan' and 'Laagat' were consistently collected in cash after the establishment of British protection.
Farmers were often exempted from these levies during natural calamities like famines or epidemics.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: 1 and 2 only.
Core Concept: Agrarian Taxation. The transition from a barter/kind-based economy to a cash-based one intensified the peasants' financial struggle.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Tax Distinction (1): Lagaan was the primary land tax, while Laagat was the collection of extra, often extortionary, levies.
Cash Economy (2): Post-British influence, tax payments were enforced in cash. This shifted the risk of commodity price fluctuation entirely onto the farmer.
Cruel Reality (3): Statement 3 is incorrect because, in the feudal agrarian setup of that time, there was no systemic relief for farmers during crises like famines or epidemics; the demand for taxes remained rigid regardless of harvest failure.

EASY

The primary underlying causes for the discontentment of farmers leading to the Mewar Jat Kisan Movement were:

Lack of electricity and modern farming equipment.

Increased tax burden and the atrocities committed by the Jagirdars.

Religious persecution by the state authorities.

External war and forced military conscription.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Increased tax burden and the atrocities committed by the Jagirdars.
Core Concept: Feudal agrarian movements in Rajasthan were predominantly driven by economic exploitation (taxes) and socio-political oppression (Jagirdari atrocities).

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MEDIUM

Which region's peasant movement served as the inspiration for the inception of the Marwar State Peasant Movement in 1922?

Bijolia Kisan Andolan

Ekki Andolan of Mewar

Shekhawati Kisan Andolan

Alwar Kisan Andolan

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Ekki Andolan of Mewar.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Inception Context:
- The Marwar farmers, particularly in the Bali and Godwar regions, began organizing in 1922.
- This movement drew direct ideological inspiration from the Ekki Andolan (Unified Movement) in the neighboring Mewar region, which provided a blueprint for peasant organization and collective bargaining.

📊 Fact Spotlight: Neighboring Movements

Movement	Region	Key Leader
Ekki Andolan	Mewar	Motilal Tejawat
Bijolia	Mewar/Bhilwara	Vijay Singh Pathik
Shekhawati	Jaipur State	Various local leaders

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Note

Regional Connection: Recognizing that Marwar's movement was not an isolated event, but part of a wave of agrarian resistance spreading across Rajputana, is a high-yield concept.

EASY

The magazine which was used to publish the grievances of the Alwar farmers and bring their plight to the public attention was:

Rajasthan Kesari

Pukar

Navin Rajasthan

Tarun Rajasthan

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Pukar.
Core Concept: Media played a vital role in localizing grievances and soliciting external political support. Pukar served as the voice of the farmers of Alwar during this period.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Media Role:
- During the early 20th-century peasant movements in Rajasthan, newspapers and magazines were the primary tools to circumvent censorship.
- The Alwar agitation leaders utilized Pukar to broadcast their specific complaints regarding the 1923-24 land settlement to a wider audience, including the Kshatriya Mahasabha.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Media/Platform	Association
Pukar	Alwar Peasant Movement
Rajasthan Kesari	Rajasthan Seva Sangh activities
Navin Rajasthan	Begun/Bijolia movements

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Memory Aid: Pukar literally means 'The Call' or 'The Shout' – which fits the context of farmers 'calling out' against the state's 40% tax hike.

HARD

Assertion (A): The Jat Kshatriya Mahasabha was instrumental in organizing large-scale social movements in the 1930s.
Reason (R): The Jat Prajapati Mahayagya of 1934, led by Thakur Deshraj, saw massive public participation of 3.5 lakh people.

Choose the correct option:

Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

A is correct, but R is incorrect.

A is incorrect, but R is correct.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Logic: The Jat Kshatriya Mahasabha (1931) was the institutional backbone of the farmer movement during that era. The massive attendance at the 1934 Jat Prajapati Mahayagya serves as a concrete manifestation of the Mahasabha's successful mobilization efforts led by Thakur Deshraj.

MEDIUM

The movement in Khetri (1929) began specifically due to which of the following actions taken by the Jagirdar?

The imposition of a one rupee per bigha tax.

The initiation of a general increase in various levies.

The banning of entry for farmer leaders.

The arson of nine villages simultaneously.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is The initiation of a general increase in various levies.
Core Concept: Differentiating between specific monetary taxes (Malsisar) and general levy increases (Khetri).

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Comparative Detail:
- While the Malsisar incident involved an extra one rupee per bigha, the Khetri incident of 1929 was sparked by a general increase in levies, leading farmers of 9 villages to stop paying taxes entirely.

III Grade (Sindhi)-01.03.2023

MEDIUM

The Dudhwa Khara movement is related to which state?

Alwar

Jaipur

Bikaner

Jodhpur

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is Bikaner.
Core Concept: The Dudhwa Khara Movement was a pivotal peasant uprising in the Bikaner Princely State during the 1940s, driven by the struggle against oppressive land revenue and feudal atrocities committed by Jagirdars.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

The Core Entity: Dudhwa Khara Movement:
- Location: Centered in the village of Dudhwa Khara (which is now part of the Churu district) and Kangra village within the Bikaner State.
- Primary Causes:
  - Excessive land revenue (taxes) imposed on farmers.
  - Feudal oppression and the practice of forced labor (Begar).
  - Refusal of the administration to reduce taxes even after the destruction of Kharif crops.
Why It is Correct:
- The movement specifically targeted the administrative and feudal failures of the Bikaner State.
- It was led by local figures like Hanuman Singh Budania, Kumbharam Arya, and supported by Vaidhya Magharam (the founder of Bikaner Prajamandal), making it an integral part of Bikaner's political history.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Attribute	Detail	Significance
Key Leaders	Hanuman Singh Budania, Kumbharam Arya, Vaidhya Magharam	Mobilized the agrarian community and linked the movement with the Bikaner Prajamandal.
Major Incident	Kangra Incident	35 farmers who demanded tax relief were taken hostage and beaten by zamindars.
Extreme Protest	65-Day Hunger Strike	Undertaken by Hanuman Singh to pressure the Maharaja of Bikaner for peasant rights.

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall / Exam Trap: Students often confuse the peasant movements of Bikaner with those of Mewar (like Bijolia or Begun). Remember that while Bijolia was the longest non-violent movement in India, the Dudhwa Khara movement is specifically linked to the Bikaner/Churu region and the Prajamandal struggle for responsible governance.

Mnemonic Trick / Memory Aid: To remember the location, associate "Dudhwa" (Milk) with the dairy-rich regions of Bikaner/Churu and the leader "Kumbharam" (Potter) with the rural craft of the Bikaner desert.

Memorable Trivia: The movement was not just about taxes; it was a bridge to political consciousness. The leaders of this movement eventually joined the Bikaner Rajya Praja Parishad, shifting the demand from mere "tax relief" to "Responsible Government" (उत्तरदायी शासन) under the British Raj.

MEDIUM

Assertion (A): The Khetri farmers' movement in 1929 was significant because it was purely a local affair without any external organizational support.
Reason (R): The 'Bharatiya Krishak Mandal' actively supported the Khetri farmers during the tax strike against increased levies.

Select the correct answer:

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.

(A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: The correct answer is (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Core Concept: The Shekhawati movement was characterized by evolving layers of support, including regional organizations.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Analysis:
- The Khetri movement was not a local-only affair.
- Deshraj organized the farmers, and they received crucial backing from the Bharatiya Krishak Mandal, disproving the idea that they were isolated.

MEDIUM

Match the following aspects of the Mahajan Thikana Peasant Movement with their correct description:

Item	Description
A. Khaneesar Meeting	1. Forced collection and property auction
B. State Mediation	2. January 16, 1939
C. Thikana Response	3. Permitted return of exiled farmers
D. Grazing Fee	4. Munga Laag

Select the correct option:

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

Explanation

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Khaneesar Meeting: Held on January 16, 1939, it served as the formal catalyst for the non-payment campaign.
State Mediation: Led to the restoration of order by allowing the return of exiled farmers.
Thikana Response: Involved harsh measures including property confiscation and auction of farmer leaders' assets.
Munga Laag: Specifically refers to Charai Kar (grazing fees).

MEDIUM

Consider the following statements regarding the leadership and support of the Bikaner peasant movement:

Jeevanram Choudhary was the primary leader during the Udarasar Incident of 1937.
The Prajamandal leaders actively supported the farmers' cause, but the government responded with repression and persecution.
The Maharaja of Bikaner readily accepted the demands presented by the delegation led by Jeevanram Choudhary.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 3

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: 1 and 2 only.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

Leadership: Jeevanram Choudhary is historically noted as the leader of the farmers during the Udarasar Incident.
Support: Prajamandal leaders did indeed support the farmers' issues, which the state government countered with repressive measures, including the persecution of these leaders.
Maharaja's Response: The Maharaja refused to listen to the grievances presented by the delegation, making statement 3 incorrect.

EASY

Which martyr was singing the 'Jhanda Geet' (Flag Song) when he was shot during the Dabi Massacre?

Deva Gurjar

Nanak Bhil

Haribhai Kinkar

Ramnarayan Choudhary

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: Nanak Bhil.
Core Concept: Nanak Bhil became a legendary figure of the Barad Kisan Andolan due to his ultimate sacrifice while maintaining the spirit of the movement through song.

🧠 Concept Blueprint

The Incident: On April 2, 1923, during the state-ordered firing at Dabi, Nanak Bhil was courageously singing the 'Jhanda Geet'.
Commemoration: His death was not in vain; his memory was immortalized through the 'Arji Geet' composed by Manikyalal Verma.

📊 Fact Spotlight

Martyr	Significance in Rajasthan History
Nanak Bhil	Martyr of Dabi (Bundi)
Sagarmal Gopa	Martyr of Jaisalmer
Balmukund Bissa	Martyr of Jodhpur

💡 Exam Strategy & Trivia

Tip

Common Pitfall: While Deva Gurjar also died in the same massacre, the question specifically asks for the person singing the 'Jhanda Geet'. Accuracy with names is essential.

Memorable Trivia: The sacrifice of martyrs like Nanak Bhil helped catalyze the broader independence struggle in the princely states of Rajasthan.

EASY

Match the following historical descriptors with the correct entity related to the Mewar Jat Kisan Movement:

Item	Description
A. 1880	1. Name of the Pargana
B. Rashmi	2. Ruler at the movement's start
C. Matkundia	3. Year of the first organized movement
D. Sajjan Singh	4. Name of the village

Select the correct code:

A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

Explanation

🌟 Quick Verification

Direct Answer: A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2.
Core Concept: Correct identification of dates, locations, and personnel is vital. The movement occurred in 1880 in Rashmi Pargana at Matkundia village under Maharana Sajjan Singh.

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